Evolutionary change is opportunistic, but its course is strongly constrained in several fundamental ways. These constraints (historical/phylogenetic, functional/adaptive, constructional/morphogenetic) and their dynamic relationships are discussed here and shown to constitute the conceptual framework of Constructional Morphology. Notwithstanding recent published opinions which claim that the discovery of constraints renders Neodarwinian selection theory obsolete, we regard the insights of Constructional Morphology as being entirely consistent with this theory. As is shown here in the case of the Hyracoidea, formal analysis of the constraints (...) which have framed the evolution of various characters extends our understanding of the evolution of a taxon. (shrink)

Like other parts of the social system, education is becoming an information-driven venture: data technologies pervade all levels of the system. This datafication of education seems to take place alongside a general turn to learning that Gert Biesta has called learnification: a progressively singular focus on the manipulable features of individual learning in education. Given rapidly rising levels of datafication, it seems timely to take up Luhmann and Schorr’s contention that education entails a technology deficit and discuss datafication as reflection (...) issue in the system of education. Against their argument that human learning is not amenable to a technology, I develop the counter-argument that data technologies are replacing human learning outright with data at the level of organisation. Data thus present a concretely digital form of what Raf Vanderstraeten has called education as an ersatz order. In a data-driven form of organising education, human dimensions of learning become secondary to a systemic dimension: making learning visible as data and so susceptible to databased manipulation. The text treats school-wide positive behaviour support interventions as an evidence-based exemplar of this trend towards datafication in the system of education. (shrink)

Nous nous intéressons dans cet article à la façon dont Ernst Cassirer renforce et réinvestit la méthode critique de Kant en replaçant l’imagination productrice non seulement au cœur de la théorie de la connaissance – désormais étendue au cosmos de la culture –, mais aussi au cœur d’une métaphysique renouvelée. La valorisation de la spontanéité – inséparable de ses objectivations, les formes symboliques –, traduit et sert les enjeux corrélatifs de l’idéalisme critique de Cassirer : d’une part, son combat (...) mené à travers les déductions transcendantales contre les métaphysiques dogmatiques marchandes d’illusions dualistes au sein du savoir, d’autre part, la recherche d’un sens d’ordre métaphysique-anthropologique inspirant l’alliance de la forme et de la liberté pour la totalité systématique de la culture.In the present article, we contemplated the way Ernst Cassirer reinforces and rethinks the Kant’s critical method by replacing the productive imagination not only in the heart of the epistemology – henceforth extended to culture’s cosmos – but also in the heart of a renewed metaphysics. The highlighting of the spontaneity – inseparable of the symbolic form – rejoins the interrelated issues of the critical idealism of Ernst Cassirer: on the one hand, his opposition against dogmatic metaphysics generating dualism in knowledge, and on the other hand, the study of an anthropological-metaphysical sense inspiring the connection between form and freedom for the culture’s systematic totality. (shrink)

Pupils—the learners of both educational thought and of educational practice—exist ever more as data, as do the strictures and goals through which these pupils are pedagogically managed. I elaborate this thought by way of a single example: a particular kind of pupils whose number is reportedly on the increase, namely pupils diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In my analysis I combine Hacking’s nominalist conception of human kinds and Weber’s instrumental rationalism with recent thinking about the effects of digital technologies (...) on social organising. Discussed in more detail is a key consequence from data playing a primary role in bringing together ADHD as coherent idea and practice: if ADHD is primarily the digital and instrumental product of psychiatry and education, so that ADHD is only secondarily a reliable description of behaviour, then what is to count as valid description of ADHD as behaviour will depend firstly upon the character and application of the existing database and not on actual behaviours among pupils. The article concludes with the observation that such technological products as ADHD seem notably at odds with traditional values in education. Traditional notions of education as a form of personable nurture for example seem to contrast with the instrumental disinterestedness of managing pupils as data flows. Given the latter, there seems rising need to theorise social reproduction by data and of data in contemporary education. (shrink)

The present volume, a tribute to Harry Dondorp, contains contributions to the symposium held on the occasion of his farewell at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Written by four eminent scholars in the field of legal history, the contributions are related to his areas of interest: delictual liability, Romano-canonical procedure and comparative law texts. The contributors are Wolfgang Ernst, David Ibbetson, Yves Mausen and Andreas Thier. The introductory words are by Eltjo Schrage, Jan Hallebeek and Hylkje de Jong.

This study explored the nature of patient advocacy among 40 institutionally employed registered nurses, nurse managers, clinical nurse specialists and nursing administrators. Participants were asked to define patient advocacy, to discuss their experiences with advocacy in institutions and their perceptions of risk associated with advocacy in institutional settings, and to identify one concept central to patient advocacy. The results delineated conceptual definitions of advocacy and numerous factors that influence nurses' decisions about acting as patient advocates in institutions. Additionally, they showed (...) striking similarities between conceptual terms used to define advocacy and terms used to define caring. Cet article est basé sur une enquête auprés de quarante infirmiers/ères, directeurs/ directrices, infirmiers/ères spécialisé(e)s et administrateurs employés dans des institu tions. On a demandé aux participants de définir la défense des malades, de discuter de leurs expériences concernant cette activité dans les institutions, de leurs perceptions des risques courus au cours de la défense et d'identifier un principe central à la défense des malades. Les résultats de l'enquête présentaient des définitions conceptuels de la défense ainsi que de nombreux éléments qui influencent les décisions prises par les infirmiers/ères qui assument la défence des malades dans les institutions. En plus, les résultats montraient de grandes ressemblances entre les expressions conceptuelles utilisées pour définir cette défense et les expressions utilisées pour définir les soins. In dieser Studie wird untersucht, was vierzig in Insitutionen angestellte Pflegende, Man ager, und andere Pflegeexperten unter Fürsprache verstehen, wie sie sie definieren, und was ihre Erfahrung mit Fürsprache am Arbeitsort ist. Die Beteiligten wurden gefragt, wie sie die Risiken der Fürsprache in Institutionen einschätzen, und sie wurden aufgefordert, ein allgemein gültiges Konzept für Patientenfürsprache zu identifizieren. Das Resultat zeigt begriffliche Definitionen der Fürsprache sowei verschiedene Faktoren, die die Entscheidungen des Pflegepersonals beeinflussen, wenn sie als Fürsprecher der Patienten handeln. Zugleich zeigte diese Studie auch grosse Aehnlichkeiten zwischen Begriffen der Fürsprache und der Pflege. (shrink)

In 1984, Lea Campos-Boralevi published a seminal study on _ Bentham and the Oppressed _, which focused on women, sexual non-conformists, the poor, the colonized, the enslaved and animals. There did not seem to be any need for further studies on the subject. Carrie D. Shanafelt proves us wrong. The combination of the publication of new volumes of the _ Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham _, especially _ Not Paul, but Jesus. ___ ___ vol. __ III. Doctrine _ (2013) and (...) _ Of Sexual Irregularities, and Other Writings on Sexual Morality _ (2014), as well as the emergence of Queer studies from the 1980s onwards has provided fertile grounds for a reexamination of Bentham’s stance towards the oppressed. Carrie D. Shanafelt writes a compelling essay on Bentham’s concern for equal and depenalized access to pleasure for those she calls the disenfranchised, that is women, the poor, the colonized and the enslaved, as well as sex and gender minorities. The shift from Campos-Boralevi’s ‘oppressed’ to Carrie D. Shanafelt’s ‘disen... (shrink)

The Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, MA provided opportunities for women to conduct research in the late 19th and early 20th century at a time when many barriers existed to their pursuit of a scientific career. One woman who benefited from the welcoming environment at the MBL was Mary Jane Hogue. Her remarkable career as an experimental biologist spanned over 55 years. Hogue was born into a Quaker family in 1883 and received her undergraduate degree from Goucher College. She (...) went to Germany to obtain an advanced degree, and her research at the University of Würzburg with Theodor Boveri resulted in her Ph.D.. Although her research interests included experimental embryology, and the use of tissue culture to study a variety of cell types, she is considered foremost a protozoologist. Her extraordinary demonstration of chromidia in the life history of a new species of Flabellula associated with diseased oyster beds is as important as it is ignored. We discuss Hogue’s career path and her science to highlight the importance of an informal network of teachers, research advisors, and other women scientists at the MBL all of whom contributed to her success as a woman scientist. (shrink)

The introduction maps five panoptic-shaped establishments in Australia's colonial history, as well as discusses how the convict industry in Australia developed a unique pattern, alternating out-door and in-door penal servitude. In-door confinement was modelled on a variety of influences, of which Bentham’s is one among many. The label Panopticon might appear inaccurate to describe these prisons, however it is still used today as the term is loaded with connotations with encapsulates some of the spirit of the penal colony.

First paragraph: Ernst von Glasersfeld's contributions to the LANA Project (the Language Analogue Project) were very important to its seven years of success, 1971--1977, during which the effort was led by the senior author of this paper... Indeed, his contributions have helped perpetuate research into the language skills of apes and sea mammals to this day. Ernst was a member of the original team of 1970 that formulated the proposal to the National Institutes of Health for four years' (...) funding to develop a computer-monitored keyboard-situation appropriate to research on the language skills of which the great apes might be capable. (shrink)

Les modifications profondes de notre système socio-culturel font émerger des questions éthiques nouvelles, à l'intérieur de toutes les disciplines qui ont l'homme pour objet, telles l'esthétique, la philosophie, la politique, le droit, la médecine.Pour comprendre ces questions, par-delà leur « actualité ponctuelle », dans le flux vivant de leur constitution, leur approche doit être patiente, complexe, parfois aussi éprouvante qu'une initiation au parcours du labyrinthe. C'est cette tâche difficile que les auteurs de ce livre ont tenté d'amorcer.Leurs contributions sont issues (...) du cycle de leçons publiques qui ont été organisées durant l'année académique 1984-1985, par l'École des sciences philosophiques et religieuses des Facultés universitaires Saint-Louis à Bruxelles. (shrink)

Le texte qui suit est une conférence donnée par Ernst Cassirer en 1945 au Cercle linguistique de New York. Il est publié pour la première fois – à titre posthume – dans le numéro inaugural de la revue _Word_ sous le titre « Structuralism in modern linguistics » (_Word_, 1(2), 1945, 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.1945.11659249 ). La présente traduction s’accompagne d’une bibliographie rassemblant toutes les références citées par Cassirer. Nous renvoyons également, lorsque celle-ci est disponible, à la traduction française des textes (...) cités. (shrink)

L'autorité panoptique s'exerce donc bien au-delà des pouvoirs du surveillant central. Le Panoptique impose sa domination aux pauvres et aux indigents dans un but : les former ou les réformer... au bonheur !

La Revue d’études benthamiennes propose une ouverture interdisciplinaire aux études sur l’utilitarisme et sur les pensées d’expression anglophone en France. La Revue s’intéresse donc à l’utilitarisme classique et à des courants de pensée contemporains dans les domaines de l’économie, du droit et de la philosophie, encourageant ainsi l’ouverture à toutes les disciplines des sciences humaines et sociales sur des thèmes, auteurs, objets, histoire compris par le spectre de la Revue. La REB entend promouvoir et accompagner la recherche universitaire dans ces (...) domaines et ne se réclame pas d’une lecture ou d’une interprétation en particulier. (shrink)

Thema dieses Buches – des letzten, das Cassirer vor seinem Tode im Manuskript zum Abschluß bringen konnte – ist der Versuch, die Wiederkehr des politischen Totalitarismus, dem er selbst nur durch die Emigration ins Exil entkam, philosophisch zu begreifen, d. h. aus den Ursachen herzuleiten.